肺癌診療アップデート：分子標的治療（最近の進歩と残された課題）

Since the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, precision medicine has made rapid progress in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, inhibitors for 6 types of driver gene alterations are approved in Japan. The response rate of each inhibitor is approximately 60-80%, and progression-free survival is 1-2 years, sometimes exceeding 30 months, which has significantly changed the treatment of NSCLC. On the other hand, there are still some issues. Because the number of genes to be tested increasing and the amounts of samples and time to confirm the diagnosis are finite, it is necessary to establish a testing strategy on how to detect each genetic alteration without omission. In recent years, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has suggested the possibility of curing advanced NSCLC; however, this has not been achieved with existing molecular-targeted therapies.