TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of indoor and outdoor temperatures and their difference with home blood pressure
T2 - The Masuda Study
AU - Kinuta, Minako
AU - Hisamatsu, Takashi
AU - Fukuda, Mari
AU - Taniguchi, Kaori
AU - Komukai, Sho
AU - Nakahata, Noriko
AU - Kanda, Hideyuki
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) [grant number 20K10529] from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and a grant from OMRON Healthcare Co., Ltd. The funding sponsors had no role in the study design or conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; the preparation of the article; or the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Hypertension.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Ambient temperature and blood pressure (BP) are closely related; however, few studies have examined the association of out-of-office BP with indoor or outdoor temperature. The effect of the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures on BP also remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of indoor and outdoor temperatures and their difference with home BP. We studied healthy 352 participants (mean age, 49.8 years; 46.0% women) from a population-based cohort using 2-year data on temperature and self-measured home BP. We measured home BP and indoor temperature at the same time in the morning and evening every day. Outdoor temperature during the same period was based on national data. We observed 82,900 home BP measurements in the morning and 66,420 in the evening. In the mixed-effects model adjusted for age, sex, and possible confounders, indoor temperature was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP in the morning and evening. A 1 °C increase in indoor temperature reduced systolic and diastolic BP by 0.37 and 0.22 mmHg, respectively, in the morning and by 0.45 and 0.30 mmHg, respectively, in the evening (all P-values<0.001). The magnitude of associations was stronger for indoor than outdoor temperature. Similarly, a 1 °C increase in indoor temperature above outdoor temperature decreased systolic and diastolic BP by 0.33 and 0.12 mmHg, respectively, in the morning and by 0.45 and 0.26 mmHg, respectively, in the evening independent of outdoor temperature (all P-values <0.001). In conclusion, controlling indoor temperature is important to stabilize home BP levels.
AB - Ambient temperature and blood pressure (BP) are closely related; however, few studies have examined the association of out-of-office BP with indoor or outdoor temperature. The effect of the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures on BP also remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of indoor and outdoor temperatures and their difference with home BP. We studied healthy 352 participants (mean age, 49.8 years; 46.0% women) from a population-based cohort using 2-year data on temperature and self-measured home BP. We measured home BP and indoor temperature at the same time in the morning and evening every day. Outdoor temperature during the same period was based on national data. We observed 82,900 home BP measurements in the morning and 66,420 in the evening. In the mixed-effects model adjusted for age, sex, and possible confounders, indoor temperature was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP in the morning and evening. A 1 °C increase in indoor temperature reduced systolic and diastolic BP by 0.37 and 0.22 mmHg, respectively, in the morning and by 0.45 and 0.30 mmHg, respectively, in the evening (all P-values<0.001). The magnitude of associations was stronger for indoor than outdoor temperature. Similarly, a 1 °C increase in indoor temperature above outdoor temperature decreased systolic and diastolic BP by 0.33 and 0.12 mmHg, respectively, in the morning and by 0.45 and 0.26 mmHg, respectively, in the evening independent of outdoor temperature (all P-values <0.001). In conclusion, controlling indoor temperature is important to stabilize home BP levels.
KW - General population
KW - Home blood pressure
KW - Indoor temperature
KW - Longitudinal data
KW - Prevention
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U2 - 10.1038/s41440-022-01059-z
DO - 10.1038/s41440-022-01059-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 36229531
AN - SCOPUS:85139866065
SN - 0916-9636
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
ER -