TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical anatomy of the accessory mandibular foramen
T2 - application to mandibular ramus osteotomy
AU - Iwanaga, Joe
AU - Kikuta, Shogo
AU - Ibaragi, Soichiro
AU - Watanabe, Koichi
AU - Kusukawa, Jingo
AU - Tubbs, R. Shane
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank who donated their body for the advancement of medical education and research. All the authors have read the manuscript and have approved this submission.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Purpose: An accessory foramen around the mandibular foramen is called an accessory mandibular foramen (AMF). The clinical anatomy of the AMF has not been well described. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical anatomy of the AMF for a better understanding of its implication during ramus surgeries. Methods: Twenty-two sides fresh-frozen cadaveric heads with a mean age of 76.2 ± 14.4 years at death underwent dissection. The neurovascular bundles passing through the AMF were observed. Additionally, a hemi-face of a latex injected embalmed cadaver was dissected medially to laterally and the neurovascular bundles of the AMF investigated. Results: A unilateral foramen, bilateral foramina, and absence of foramina were found in 45.4%, 18.2%, and 36.4%, respectively. The origin of the neurovascular bundle entering the AMF was a branch of the maxillary artery in 20% and a tributary of the inferior alveolar vein in 80%. In the latex embalmed cadaver, the AMF was found to contain a branch from the maxillary artery and a tributary of the maxillary vein. Conclusion: Given the practical meaning of the specific AMF located in the operative field of the ramus osteotomy, we suggest these be named “foramina for ramus osteotomy.”
AB - Purpose: An accessory foramen around the mandibular foramen is called an accessory mandibular foramen (AMF). The clinical anatomy of the AMF has not been well described. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical anatomy of the AMF for a better understanding of its implication during ramus surgeries. Methods: Twenty-two sides fresh-frozen cadaveric heads with a mean age of 76.2 ± 14.4 years at death underwent dissection. The neurovascular bundles passing through the AMF were observed. Additionally, a hemi-face of a latex injected embalmed cadaver was dissected medially to laterally and the neurovascular bundles of the AMF investigated. Results: A unilateral foramen, bilateral foramina, and absence of foramina were found in 45.4%, 18.2%, and 36.4%, respectively. The origin of the neurovascular bundle entering the AMF was a branch of the maxillary artery in 20% and a tributary of the inferior alveolar vein in 80%. In the latex embalmed cadaver, the AMF was found to contain a branch from the maxillary artery and a tributary of the maxillary vein. Conclusion: Given the practical meaning of the specific AMF located in the operative field of the ramus osteotomy, we suggest these be named “foramina for ramus osteotomy.”
KW - Hemorrhage
KW - Inferior alveolar nerve
KW - Mandibular canal
KW - Mandibular foramen
KW - Maxillary artery
KW - Orthognathic surgery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074010519&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85074010519&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00276-019-02343-3
DO - 10.1007/s00276-019-02343-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 31541271
AN - SCOPUS:85074010519
SN - 0930-1038
VL - 42
SP - 41
EP - 47
JO - Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
JF - Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
IS - 1
ER -