Deletion of bone marrow myeloperoxidase attenuates chronic kidney disease accelerated atherosclerosis

Increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression and activity are associated with atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the causal relationship between MPO and the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD is unknown. Eight-weekold male low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy, irradiated, and transplanted with bone marrow from MPO-deficient mice to induce bone marrow MPO deletion (CKD-bMPOKO) or bone marrow from WT mice as a control to maintain preserved bone marrow MPO(CKD-bMPOWT). The mice were maintained on a highfat/ high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. As anticipated, both groups of mice exhibited all features of moderate CKD, including elevated plasma creatinine, lower hematocrit, and increased intact parathyroid hormone but did not demonstrate any differences between the groups. Irradiation and bone marrow transplantation did not further affect body weight, blood pressure, creatinine, or hematocrit in either group. The absence of MPO expression in the bone marrow and atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta in the CKD-bMPOKO mice was confirmed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Decreased MPO activity was substantiated by the absence of 3-chlorotyrosine, a specific by-product of MPO, in aortic atherosclerotic lesions as determined by both immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive LC-MS. Quantification of the aortic lesional area stained with oil red O revealed that CKD-bMPOKO mice had significantly decreased aortic plaque area as compared with CKD-bMPOWT mice. This study demonstrates the reduction of atherosclerosis in CKD mice with the deletion of MPO in bone marrow cells, strongly implicating bone-marrow-derived MPO in the pathogenesis of CKD atherosclerosis.