TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of MRI phantom equivalent to human tissues for 3.0-T MRI
AU - Hattori, Kengo
AU - Ikemoto, Yusuke
AU - Takao, Wataru
AU - Ohno, Seiichiro
AU - Harimoto, Takashi
AU - Kanazawa, Susumu
AU - Oita, Masataka
AU - Shibuya, Koichi
AU - Kuroda, Masahiro
AU - Kato, Hirokazu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Grants in Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (#19591418, #22591334), and in part by Grants in Adaptable and Seamless Technology transfer Program through target-driven R&D (AS232Z00183F).
PY - 2013/3
Y1 - 2013/3
N2 - Purpose: A 3.0-T MRI phantom (called the CAGN-3.0T phantom) having human-equivalent relaxation times and human-equivalent conductivity was developed. Methods: The ingredients of the phantom are carrageenan (as a gelatinizer), agarose (as a T2-relaxation modifier), GdCl3 (as a T1-relaxation modifier), NaCl (as a conductivity modifier), and NaN3 (as an antiseptic). Numerous samples with varying concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl were prepared, and T 1 and T2 values were measured using 3.0-T MRI. Results: The T1 values of the CAGN-3.0T phantom were unaffected by NaCl, while the T2 values were only slightly affected. Based on the measured data, empirical formulae were devised to express the relationships between the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl and the relaxation times. The formula for expressing the conductivity of the CAGN-3.0T phantom was obtained. Conclusions: By adjustments to the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl, the relaxation times and conductivity of almost all types of human tissues can be simulated by CAGN-3.0T phantoms. The phantoms have T1 values of 395-2601 ms, T2 values of 29-334 ms, and conductivity of 0.27-1.26 S/m when concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl are varied from 0 to 2.0 w/w%, 0 to 180 μmol/kg, and 0 to 0.7 w/w%, respectively. The CAGN-3.0T phantom has sufficient strength to replicate the torso without using reinforcing agents, and can be cut with a knife into any shape.
AB - Purpose: A 3.0-T MRI phantom (called the CAGN-3.0T phantom) having human-equivalent relaxation times and human-equivalent conductivity was developed. Methods: The ingredients of the phantom are carrageenan (as a gelatinizer), agarose (as a T2-relaxation modifier), GdCl3 (as a T1-relaxation modifier), NaCl (as a conductivity modifier), and NaN3 (as an antiseptic). Numerous samples with varying concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl were prepared, and T 1 and T2 values were measured using 3.0-T MRI. Results: The T1 values of the CAGN-3.0T phantom were unaffected by NaCl, while the T2 values were only slightly affected. Based on the measured data, empirical formulae were devised to express the relationships between the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl and the relaxation times. The formula for expressing the conductivity of the CAGN-3.0T phantom was obtained. Conclusions: By adjustments to the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl, the relaxation times and conductivity of almost all types of human tissues can be simulated by CAGN-3.0T phantoms. The phantoms have T1 values of 395-2601 ms, T2 values of 29-334 ms, and conductivity of 0.27-1.26 S/m when concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl are varied from 0 to 2.0 w/w%, 0 to 180 μmol/kg, and 0 to 0.7 w/w%, respectively. The CAGN-3.0T phantom has sufficient strength to replicate the torso without using reinforcing agents, and can be cut with a knife into any shape.
KW - 3.0T MRI
KW - conductivity
KW - phantom
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U2 - 10.1118/1.4790023
DO - 10.1118/1.4790023
M3 - Article
C2 - 23464335
AN - SCOPUS:84874768123
SN - 0094-2405
VL - 40
JO - Medical Physics
JF - Medical Physics
IS - 3
M1 - 032303
ER -