TY - JOUR
T1 - Double flower formation induced by silencing of C-class MADS-box genes and its variation among petunia Cultivars
AU - Noor, Siti Hajar
AU - Ushijima, Koichiro
AU - Murata, Ayaka
AU - Yoshida, Kaori
AU - Tanabe, Miki
AU - Tanigawa, Tomoki
AU - Kubo, Yasutaka
AU - Nakano, Ryohei
PY - 2014/10/23
Y1 - 2014/10/23
N2 - Double flowers induced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of two C-class MADS-box genes, pMADS3 and FBP6, were investigated in four cultivars of Petunia hybrida. In flowers induced by either pMADS3-VIGS or FBP6-VIGS, only small changes in commercial appearance were recognized regardless of cultivar, whereas in those induced by pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS, complete conversion of stamens into petaloid tissues and marked enlargement of upper limb-like tissues were observed, resulting in a decorative appearance in all the four cultivars. In whorl 4, cultivar-dependent conversion of carpels into new flowers was noted in pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS flowers. Of the four cultivars, only 'Mambo Purple' exhibited the development of new flowers instead of carpels and the emergence of ectopic new flowers from the axil of whorl 3 organs, which created an ornamental appearance with a high commercial value. Investigation of large and small petaloid stamens induced by pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS and pMADS3-VIGS, respectively, revealed only small differences in cell size compared to the large difference in total surface area. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of SQUAMOSA/AP1/FRU type A-class genes, FBP29, PFG, and FBP26, showed no close relationship between the expression of those genes and petaloid stamen size. The suppressed C-class gene function at the late stage of flower development has little influence on the final size of petaloid tissue.
AB - Double flowers induced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of two C-class MADS-box genes, pMADS3 and FBP6, were investigated in four cultivars of Petunia hybrida. In flowers induced by either pMADS3-VIGS or FBP6-VIGS, only small changes in commercial appearance were recognized regardless of cultivar, whereas in those induced by pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS, complete conversion of stamens into petaloid tissues and marked enlargement of upper limb-like tissues were observed, resulting in a decorative appearance in all the four cultivars. In whorl 4, cultivar-dependent conversion of carpels into new flowers was noted in pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS flowers. Of the four cultivars, only 'Mambo Purple' exhibited the development of new flowers instead of carpels and the emergence of ectopic new flowers from the axil of whorl 3 organs, which created an ornamental appearance with a high commercial value. Investigation of large and small petaloid stamens induced by pMADS3/FBP6-VIGS and pMADS3-VIGS, respectively, revealed only small differences in cell size compared to the large difference in total surface area. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of SQUAMOSA/AP1/FRU type A-class genes, FBP29, PFG, and FBP26, showed no close relationship between the expression of those genes and petaloid stamen size. The suppressed C-class gene function at the late stage of flower development has little influence on the final size of petaloid tissue.
KW - Agamous
KW - Double flower
KW - Petaloid stamen
KW - Petunia hybrida
KW - Plena
KW - Virus-induced gene silencing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84906497382&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84906497382&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.07.029
DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.07.029
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84906497382
SN - 0304-4238
VL - 178
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - Scientia Horticulturae
JF - Scientia Horticulturae
ER -