TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of auditory and tactile warning on response to visual hazards under a noisy environment
AU - Murata, Atsuo
AU - Kuroda, Takashi
AU - Karwowski, Waldemar
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by Grant-in Aids for Scientific Research (B) ( grant numbers 22310101 & 26282095 ), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - A warning signal presented via a visual or an auditory cue might interfere with auditory or visual information inside and outside a vehicle. On the other hand, such interference would be certainly reduced if a tactile cue is used. Therefore, it is expected that tactile cues would be promising as warning signals, especially in a noisy environment. In order to determine the most suitable modality of cue (warning) to a visual hazard in noisy environments, auditory and tactile cues were examined in this study. The condition of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was set to 0ms, 500ms, and 1000ms. Two types of noises were used: white noise and noise outside a vehicle recorded in a real-world driving environment. The noise level LAeq (equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level) inside the experimental chamber of each type of noise was adjusted to approximately 60 dB (A), 70 dB (A), and 80 dB (A). As a result, it was verified that tactile warning was more effective than auditory warning. When the noise outside a vehicle from a real-driving environment was used as the noise inside the experimental chamber, the reaction time to the auditory warning was not affected by the noise level.
AB - A warning signal presented via a visual or an auditory cue might interfere with auditory or visual information inside and outside a vehicle. On the other hand, such interference would be certainly reduced if a tactile cue is used. Therefore, it is expected that tactile cues would be promising as warning signals, especially in a noisy environment. In order to determine the most suitable modality of cue (warning) to a visual hazard in noisy environments, auditory and tactile cues were examined in this study. The condition of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was set to 0ms, 500ms, and 1000ms. Two types of noises were used: white noise and noise outside a vehicle recorded in a real-world driving environment. The noise level LAeq (equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level) inside the experimental chamber of each type of noise was adjusted to approximately 60 dB (A), 70 dB (A), and 80 dB (A). As a result, it was verified that tactile warning was more effective than auditory warning. When the noise outside a vehicle from a real-driving environment was used as the noise inside the experimental chamber, the reaction time to the auditory warning was not affected by the noise level.
KW - Auditory cue
KW - Automotive warning system
KW - Noise outside a vehicle
KW - SOA
KW - Tactile cue
KW - White noise
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U2 - 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.11.002
DO - 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.11.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 28166900
AN - SCOPUS:84995543510
SN - 0003-6870
VL - 60
SP - 58
EP - 67
JO - Applied Ergonomics
JF - Applied Ergonomics
ER -