@article{95f0a448dc5f4ea6890b1960fea4840f,
title = "FACT complex is required for DNA demethylation at heterochromatin during reproduction in Arabidopsis",
abstract = "The DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase catalyzes genome-wide DNA demethylation and is required for endosperm genomic imprinting and embryo viability. Targets of DME-mediated DNA demethylation reside in small, euchromatic, AT-rich transposons and at the boundaries of large transposons, but how DME interacts with these diverse chromatin states is unknown. The STRUCTURE SPECIFIC RECOGNITION PROTEIN 1 (SSRP1) subunit of the chromatin remodeler FACT (facilitates chromatin transactions), was previously shown to be involved in the DME-dependent regulation of genomic imprinting in Arabidopsis endosperm. Therefore, to investigate the interaction between DME and chromatin, we focused on the activity of the two FACT subunits, SSRP1 and SUPPRESSOR of TY16 (SPT16), during reproduction in Arabidopsis. We found that FACT colocalizes with nuclear DME in vivo, and that DME has two classes of target sites, the first being euchromatic and accessible to DME, but the second, representing over half of DME targets, requiring the action of FACT for DME-mediated DNA demethylation genome-wide. Our results show that the FACT-dependent DME targets are GC-rich heterochromatin domains with high nucleosome occupancy enriched with H3K9me2 and H3K27me1. Further, we demonstrate that heterochromatin-associated linker histone H1 specifically mediates the requirement for FACT at a subset of DME-target loci. Overall, our results demonstrate that FACT is required for DME targeting by facilitating its access to heterochromatin.",
keywords = "Chromatin, DEMETER demethylase, FACT complex, Genomic imprinting, Reproduction",
author = "Frost, {Jennifer M.} and Kim, {M. Yvonne} and Park, {Guen Tae} and Hsieh, {Ping Hung} and Miyuki Nakamura and Lin, {Samuel J.H.} and Hyunjin Yoo and Jaemyung Choi and Yoko Ikeda and Tetsu Kinoshita and Yeonhee Choi and Daniel Zilberman and Fischer, {Robert L.}",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Christina Wistrom for her management of the University of California, Berkeley, Oxford Tract greenhouse facility. We are grateful to Jessica Rodrigues, Tzung-Fu Hsieh, and David Lyons for helpful discussions on this work. This work used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668, S10RR027303, and S10OD018174, and the authors would like to particularly thank Shana McDevitt for her assistance. This work was funded by the NSF Grant IOS-1025890 and the NIH Grant R01-GM069415 (to D.Z. and R.L.F.), by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant 2017R1A2B2007067 and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program Grant PJ013127 (to Y.C.), and by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Grant JP16H06471 (to T.K.). Funding Information: We thank Christina Wistrom for her management of the University of California, Berkeley, Oxford Tract greenhouse facility. We are grateful to Jessica Rodrigues, Tzung-Fu Hsieh, and David Lyons for helpful discussions on this work. This work used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668, S10RR027303, and S10OD018174, and the authors would like to particularly thank Shana McDevitt for her assistance. This work was funded by the NSF Grant IOS-1025890 and the NIH Grant R01-GM069415 (to D.Z. and R.L.F.), by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant 2017R1A2B2007067 and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program Grant PJ013127 (to Y.C.), and by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Grant JP16H06471 (to T.K.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = may,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1713333115",
language = "English",
volume = "115",
pages = "E4720--E4729",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "20",
}