Flow drag and heat transfer reduction of flowing water containing fibrous material in a straight pipe

It has been well known that some kinds of surfactants are useful to reduce flow drag in a turbulent pipe flow by Toms effect. However, it is expensive to make these surfactants harmless to the environment. On the other hand, the fibrous material such as pulp fibers and cellulose are harmless additives to the environment. This paper deals with the drag reduction and heat transfer characteristics of the water suspension flow mixed with fine fibers in a circular straight pipe. Measurements of velocity and temperature profiles in a circular pipe were made in order to examine the flow drag and heat transfer characteristics of the turbulent and laminar flow. The nondimensional correlation equations of pipe flow resistance and heat transfer were derived in terms of various nondimensional parameters.