TY - JOUR
T1 - Image-Guided Ablation Therapies for Extrahepatic Metastases from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
T2 - A Review
AU - Umakoshi, Noriyuki
AU - Matsui, Yusuke
AU - Tomita, Koji
AU - Uka, Mayu
AU - Kawabata, Takahiro
AU - Iguchi, Toshihiro
AU - Hiraki, Takao
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - The most common sites of extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the lungs, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands, in that order. Although systemic therapies are a common treatment for patients with extrahepatic metastases, local ablative therapies for the extrahepatic metastatic lesions can be performed in selected patients. In this article, the literature on image-guided thermal ablation for metastasis to each organ was reviewed to summarize the current evidence. Radiofrequency ablation was the most commonly evaluated technique, and microwave ablation, cryoablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection were also utilized. The local control rate of thermal ablation therapy was relatively favorable, at approximately 70–90% in various organs. The survival outcomes varied among the studies, and several studies reported that the absence of viable intrahepatic lesions was associated with improved survival rates. Since only retrospective data from relatively small studies has been available thus far, more robust studies with prospective designs and larger cohorts are desired to prove the usefulness of thermal ablation for extrahepatic metastases from HCC.
AB - The most common sites of extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the lungs, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands, in that order. Although systemic therapies are a common treatment for patients with extrahepatic metastases, local ablative therapies for the extrahepatic metastatic lesions can be performed in selected patients. In this article, the literature on image-guided thermal ablation for metastasis to each organ was reviewed to summarize the current evidence. Radiofrequency ablation was the most commonly evaluated technique, and microwave ablation, cryoablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection were also utilized. The local control rate of thermal ablation therapy was relatively favorable, at approximately 70–90% in various organs. The survival outcomes varied among the studies, and several studies reported that the absence of viable intrahepatic lesions was associated with improved survival rates. Since only retrospective data from relatively small studies has been available thus far, more robust studies with prospective designs and larger cohorts are desired to prove the usefulness of thermal ablation for extrahepatic metastases from HCC.
KW - ablation therapy
KW - cryoablation
KW - extrahepatic metastases
KW - hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - microwave ablation
KW - percutaneous ethanol injection
KW - radiofrequency ablation
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U2 - 10.3390/cancers15143665
DO - 10.3390/cancers15143665
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85167843238
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 15
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 14
M1 - 3665
ER -