Inter-AS traffic volume reduction by localizing delivery for P2P live streaming

In recent years, there is a big demand for live streaming service over the Internet. As one of the service model, peer-to-peer (P2P) live streaming has been utilized. In the system, it is important to decrease inter-AS (Autonomous System) traffic volume and content delivery delay because the larger volume leads to higher transit cost of ASes and this system treats the live contents, respectively. Therefore, as a conventional peer selection algorithm that tries to decrease them, Minimum Physical Hop (MPH) has been proposed. In MPH, to decrease inter-AS traffic volume, a newly joining peer selects a providing peer with the minimum physical hop count, which is the minimum number of ASes between the providing peer and the newly joining peer. Furthermore, to decrease content delivery delay, if there are several such candidates, it selects a providing peer with the minimum logical hop count, which is the number of Origin Streaming Servers (OSS) or peers passed from an OSS to the peer, from the candidates. However, MPH shows high inter-AS traffic volume when the number of joining peers is large. When we use MPH, candidates for providing peer with large logical hop count tend to swarm in ASes without an OSS while those with small logical hop count do in ASes with an OSS because of the peer selection policy of MPH. As the number of joining peers becomes large, the logical hop counts of the candidates for providing peer in every AS increase. As a result, in the former ASes, the logical hop counts of all the candidates for providing peer reach the upper bound frequently, and the newly joining peer cannot often find its providing peer in the AS, and consequently have to select providing peers in different ASes. In this paper, we improve MPH in order to further decrease the inter-AS traffic volume. In the improved algorithm called Improved Minimum Physical Hop (IMPH), we try to decrease the volume by distributing providing peers with one logical hop count to many ASes. As a result of the evaluation, we show that IMPH achieves to reduce the inter-AS traffic volume by at a maximum of 38% compared to MPH under uniform peer generation distributions.