Long-term outcomes of living-donor lobar lung transplantation

Objective: Although living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) enables an intermediate survival similar to cadaveric lung transplantation, the long-term outcome remains unknown. We examined the long-term outcomes of 30 patients who received LDLLT more than 16 years previously. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 30 patients who underwent LDLLT (bilateral LDLLT, 29 patients; single LDLLT, 1 pediatric patient) between October 1998 and April 2004. Results: LDLLT was performed for 25 female and 5 male patients ranging in age from 8 to 55 years. The diagnoses included pulmonary hypertension (n = 11), pulmonary fibrosis (n = 7), bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 5), and others (n = 7). At a median follow-up of 205 months, 22 patients were alive and 8 were dead. The causes of death were infection (n = 3), malignancy (n = 2), acute rejection (n = 2), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD; n = 1). Unilateral CLAD occurred in 17 patients (56.7%), but only 1 of these patients subsequently developed bilateral CLAD. Two patients underwent bilateral cadaveric lung retransplantations. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year CLAD-free survival rates were 80.0%, 62.8%, and 44.3%, respectively. Malignancy occurred in 7 patients. Two of 5 patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis underwent living-donor kidney transplantation. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year overall survival rates were 96.7%, 86.7%, and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Although only 2 lobes are implanted, LDLLT provides encouraging long-term outcomes. In patients with unilateral CLAD, the functioning contralateral graft might contribute to a favorable long-term outcome.