Membrane interaction of synthetic peptides related to the putative fusogenic region of PH-30α, a protein in sperm-egg fusion

In order to investigate the relationship between structure and function of a putative fusogenic region of PH-30α, a protein active in sperm-egg fusion, two peptides, SFP22 and SFP23, whose sequences correspond to the residues 90-111 and 89-111 of PH-30α, respectively, were chemically synthesized. An analog of SFP23, SFP23AA, which has an Ala-Ala sequence instead of the Pro-Pro sequence in SFP23, was also prepared. The CD study indicated that SFP22 and SFP23 mainly took a β-structure in the presence of DPPC and DPPC/DPPG (3/1) vesicles, while SFP23AA showed an α-helical pattern though the α-helical content calculated was low (25-30%). α-Helical CD curve was observed for these peptides in trifluoroethanol. The membrane- perturbing activity of SFP22 and SFP23 was weaker than that of SFP23AA. On the other hand, the membrane-fusogenic activity of SFP22 and SFP23 to acidic phospholipid bilayers was much stronger than that of SFP23AA. All the peptides caused very weak cell lysis. These results are consistent with the reported speculation [Blobel, C. P. et al. (1992), Nature (London) 356, 248- 252] that residues 90-111 of PH-30α may be the fusogenic region and suggest that the Pro-Pro sequence is one of the important factors for holding the active secondary structure of the fusogenic region of PH-30α in membranes.