TY - JOUR
T1 - Myocardial perfusion patterns related to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction perfusion grades after coronary angioplasty in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction
AU - Ito, Hiroshi
AU - Okamura, Atsunori
AU - Iwakura, Katsuomi
AU - Masuyama, Tohru
AU - Hori, Masatsugu
AU - Takiuchi, Shin
AU - Negoro, Shinji
AU - Nakatsuchi, Yoshiaki
AU - Taniyama, Yoshiaki
AU - Higashino, Yorihiko
AU - Fujii, Kenshi
AU - Minamino, Takazo
PY - 1996/6/1
Y1 - 1996/6/1
N2 - Background: Epicardial coronary flow is occasional reduced even after coronary intervention despite the absence of vessel obstruction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Our aim was to clarify the cause and outcomes of radiocontrast slow filling in patients with reperfused acute anterior myocardial infarction by assessing microvascular damage with the use of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and functional outcomes. Methods and Results: We carefully reviewed and cineangiogragrams of 86 patients who achieved coronary revascularization within 12 hours of the onset and underwent MCE before and soon after recanalization with the intracoronary injection of sonicated microbubbles. Antegrade coronary flow after recanalization was graded by two observers based on Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial flow grades. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured on the day of infarction and 1 month late. TIMI grade 2 was observed in 18 patients (21%), and the other 68 patients manifested TIMI 2 showed substantial MCE no reflow, whereas only 11 patients (16%) with TIMI 3 showed MCE no reflow. Functional improvement was worse in patients with TIMI 2 than in those with TIMI 2 (TIMI 2, 38±8% versus 40±8%, P=NS [acute versus late]; TIMI 3, 44±13% versus 55±13%, P<.001). Among patients with TIMI 3, significant functional improvement was observed only in patients with MCE reflow (MCE reflow, 46±13% versus 57±12% P<.001; MCE no reflow, 35±11% versus 45±12%, P=NS). Conclusions: Despite no obstruction lesion of the vessel, TIMI 2 is caused by advanced microvascular damage and is a highly specific, although not sensitive, predictor of poor functional outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. TIMI 3 does not necessarily indicate myocardial salvage, and detection of MCE no reflow in these patients is particularly useful for the prediction of functional outcomes.
AB - Background: Epicardial coronary flow is occasional reduced even after coronary intervention despite the absence of vessel obstruction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Our aim was to clarify the cause and outcomes of radiocontrast slow filling in patients with reperfused acute anterior myocardial infarction by assessing microvascular damage with the use of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and functional outcomes. Methods and Results: We carefully reviewed and cineangiogragrams of 86 patients who achieved coronary revascularization within 12 hours of the onset and underwent MCE before and soon after recanalization with the intracoronary injection of sonicated microbubbles. Antegrade coronary flow after recanalization was graded by two observers based on Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial flow grades. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured on the day of infarction and 1 month late. TIMI grade 2 was observed in 18 patients (21%), and the other 68 patients manifested TIMI 2 showed substantial MCE no reflow, whereas only 11 patients (16%) with TIMI 3 showed MCE no reflow. Functional improvement was worse in patients with TIMI 2 than in those with TIMI 2 (TIMI 2, 38±8% versus 40±8%, P=NS [acute versus late]; TIMI 3, 44±13% versus 55±13%, P<.001). Among patients with TIMI 3, significant functional improvement was observed only in patients with MCE reflow (MCE reflow, 46±13% versus 57±12% P<.001; MCE no reflow, 35±11% versus 45±12%, P=NS). Conclusions: Despite no obstruction lesion of the vessel, TIMI 2 is caused by advanced microvascular damage and is a highly specific, although not sensitive, predictor of poor functional outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. TIMI 3 does not necessarily indicate myocardial salvage, and detection of MCE no reflow in these patients is particularly useful for the prediction of functional outcomes.
KW - Angioplasty
KW - echocardiography
KW - microcirculation
KW - myocardial infarction
KW - reperfusion
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U2 - 10.1161/01.CIR.93.11.1993
DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.93.11.1993
M3 - Article
C2 - 8640973
AN - SCOPUS:9344235426
SN - 0009-7322
VL - 93
SP - 1993
EP - 1999
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
IS - 11
ER -