Nitrogen and carbon concentrations and isotopic compositions of the silica clathrate melanophlogite

The concentrations and isotopic compositions of N and C were obtained for five melanophlogite samples, ideal formula 46SiO₂·6(CO₂, N₂)·2(CH₄, N₂), from various localities in Italy and California, U.S.A. The melanophlogite crystals enclathrate 132 to 1674 ppm N presumed to be speciated as molecular N₂ and with δ¹⁵N_air ranging from -6.1 to +5.7‰. The higher δ¹⁵N values overlap those for organic/sedimentary N, the latter largely with values between 0 and+10‰. The samples also contain 1.2 to 2.9 wt% total C, with δ¹³C_VPDB of -42.9 to -8.7‰, obtained from analyses of the bulk C in samples with probable varying proportions of CO₂ and CH₄ in the melanophlogite cages. Although the lower δ¹⁵N values for the melanophlogites (-6.1 and -2.8‰) are near upper mantle values (-5 ± 2‰), the full range in N₂ δ¹⁵N can be explained by equilibration with NH₄⁺ in clay minerals bearing an organic-influenced N isotope signature, at temperatures of near 100 °C estimated for melanophlogite crystallization. The lower δ¹³C values (as low as -42.9‰) are suggestive of equilibration with carbonaceous matter (poorly recrystallized organic material) at high cage CH₄CO₂, perhaps representing lower oxygen fugacities. The growing number of reports of melanophlogite at terrestrial localities, and its occurrences in organic-rich settings, makes this clathrate mineral an intriguing candidate for preserving records of past surface or near-surface biogeochemical cycling on Earth and perhaps on Mars.