@article{ba2cd8bde68d4b07886542ff097ebbee,
title = "On co-activation pattern analysis and non-stationarity of resting brain activity",
abstract = "The non-stationarity of resting-state brain activity has received increasing attention in recent years. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis with short sliding windows and coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis are two widely used methods for assessing the dynamic characteristics of brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the statistical nature of the dynamics captured by these techniques needs to be verified. In this study, we found that the results of CAP analysis were similar for real fMRI data and simulated stationary data with matching covariance structures and spectral contents. We also found that, for both the real and simulated data, CAPs were clustered into spatially heterogeneous modules. Moreover, for each of the modules in the real data, a spatially similar module was found in the simulated data. The present results suggest that care needs to be taken when interpreting observations drawn from CAP analysis as it does not necessarily reflect non-stationarity or a mixture of states in resting brain activity.",
keywords = "Co-activation pattern analysis, Non-stationarity, Resting-state fMRI",
author = "Teppei Matsui and Pham, {Trung Quang} and Koji Jimura and Junichi Chikazoe",
note = "Funding Information: We thank T. Ichikawa and M. Taki for discussion. Data were provided in part by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium (Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil; 1U54MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University. This study was supported by JSPSy Kakenhi (20H05052 and 21H0516513 to TM, 19K20390 to TQP, 19H04914 and 20K07727 to KJ, 21H02806 and 21H05060 to JC); a grant from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) to JC (grant number JP21dm0207086). a grant from Brain/MINDS Beyond (AMED) to TM (grant number JP20dm0307031); a grant from JST-PRESTO to TM; a grant from Narishige Neuroscience Research Foundation to TM. All data used in the present study publicly available data of resting-state fMRI distributed by the Human Connectome Project (HCP; http://humanconnectomeproject.org/). All codes used for the analysis will be provided upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Funding Information: We thank T. Ichikawa and M. Taki for discussion. Data were provided in part by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium (Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil; 1U54MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University. This study was supported by JSPS Kakenhi (20H05052 and 21H0516513 to TM, 19K20390 to TQP, 19H04914 and 20K07727 to KJ, 21H02806 and 21H05060 to JC); a grant from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) to JC (grant number JP21dm0207086). a grant from Brain/MINDS Beyond (AMED) to TM (grant number JP20dm0307031); a grant from JST-PRESTO to TM; a grant from Narishige Neuroscience Research Foundation to TM. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118904",
language = "English",
volume = "249",
journal = "NeuroImage",
issn = "1053-8119",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}