Outcome Bias in Decision Making on Punishment or Reward

We paid attention to one of the cognitive biases, that is, the outcome bias. We explored the evidence of outcome bias in a two-player economic game experiment where reward allocation is made between two players. The outcome bias occurred even when the intention of Player 1 was fair or generous. Thus, we could verify the hypothesis that we are readily led into the outcome bias. The comparative results between the two conditions (intentional and no-intentional conditions) definitely showed that Player 2 punished Player 1 to a larger extent when the outcome was disadvantageous for Player 2 (selfish outcome) irrespective of whether the die was chosen out of three types intentionally or not.