Outcome of living-donor lobar lung transplantation using a single donor

Objective: Living-donor lobar lung transplantation usually requires 2 healthy donors who donate either a right or a left lower lobe; however, finding 2 healthy donors is difficult. Several case reports have been published on successful living-donor lobar lung transplantation using a single donor; however, little is known about its outcome. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 14 critically ill patients who had undergone single living-donor lobar lung transplantation at 3 lung transplant centers in Japan. There were 10 female and 4 male patients, including 10 children and 4 adults. Size matching was assessed by estimated graft forced vital capacity and 3-dimensional computed tomography volumetry. The diagnoses included complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 6), pulmonary hypertension (n = 4), and others (n = 4). Results: At a mean follow-up of 45 months (range, 2-128), the 3- and 5-year survival rate was 70% and 56%, respectively. There were 4 early deaths, for a hospital mortality of 29%, with 1 additional death at 40 months. The main cause of early death was primary graft dysfunction, most likely related to size mismatching. The survival among these 14 patients was significantly worse than the survival in a group of 78 patients undergoing bilateral living-donor lobar lung transplantation during the same period (P = .044). Conclusions: Single living-donor lobar lung transplantation provides acceptable results for sick patients who would die soon otherwise. However, bilateral living-donor lobar lung transplantation appears to be a better option if 2 living donors are found.