@article{e65fa02659bd4ae498e57c33b031335f,
title = "The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds",
abstract = "The South Asian Monson (SAM) is one of the most intense climatic elements yet its initiation and variations are not well established. Dating the deposits of SAM wind-driven currents in IODP cores from the Maldives yields an age of 12. 9 Ma indicating an abrupt SAM onset, over a short period of 300 kyrs. This coincided with the Indian Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone expansion as revealed by geochemical tracers and the onset of upwelling reflected by the sediment's content of particulate organic matter. A weaker proto-monsoon' existed between 12.9 and 25 Ma, as mirrored by the sedimentary signature of dust influx. Abrupt SAM initiation favors a strong influence of climate in addition to the tectonic control, and we propose that the post Miocene Climate Optimum cooling, together with increased continentalization and establishment of the bipolar ocean circulation, i.e. the beginning of the modern world, shifted the monsoon over a threshold towards the modern system.",
author = "Christian Betzler and Eberli, {Gregor P.} and Dick Kroon and Wright, {James D.} and Swart, {Peter K.} and Nath, {Bejugam Nagender} and Alvarez-Zarikian, {Carlos A.} and Montserrat Alonso-Garci{\'a} and Bialik, {Or M.} and Bl{\"a}ttler, {Clara L.} and Guo, {Junhua Adam} and S{\'e}bastien Haffen and Senay Horozal and Mayuri Inoue and Luigi Jovane and Luca Lanci and Laya, {Juan Carlos} and Mee, {Anna Ling Hui} and Thomas L{\"u}dmann and Masatoshi Nakakuni and Kaoru Niino and Petruny, {Loren M.} and Pratiwi, {Santi D.} and Reijmer, {John J.G.} and Jes{\'u}s Reolid and Slagle, {Angela L.} and Sloss, {Craig R.} and Xiang Su and Zhengquan Yao and Young, {Jeremy R.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Research would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of the drilling crew, ship's crew and scientific staff of the Drillship JOIDES Resolution. The expedition was funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF); the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD); the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); the Ministry of Science and Technology (People's Republic of China); the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources; the Australian Research Council and the New Zealand Institute for Geological and Nuclear Sciences; and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (India). The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research is thanked for funding the seismic surveys (03S0405, 03G0236A). The very constructive and helpful comments of two reviewers are gratefully acknowledged.",
year = "2016",
month = jul,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1038/srep29838",
language = "English",
volume = "6",
journal = "Scientific reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
}