Visualization of three-dimensional cardiac electrical excitation using standard heart model and anterior and posterior magnetocardiogram

Our aim in this study is to obtain novel three-dimensional (3-D) images of cardiac electrical excitation that include morphological information on the whole heart. We obtain these 3-D images by projecting anterior and posterior two-dimensional (2-D) current-arrow maps (CAMs) onto a 3-D standard heart model. This standard heart model is adjusted to the individual subject's heart position by using the coordinates of the sinus node, which are obtained from magnetocardiogram (MCG) signals. The anterior and posterior CAMs are calculated by taking the orthogonal partial derivatives of the normal component of the anterior and posterior MCGs. After adjusting the base current values of the anterior and posterior CAMs, the adjusted CAMs are projected onto the standard heart model. We generated the projected CAMs (PCAMs) of the six phases (atrial, and ventricular, excitation) for seven healthy subjects. The validity of PCAM was evaluated by extracting the maximal current directions and positions from the PCAMs. The maximal current directions and positions during each excitation phase were almost in the same in the seven healthy subjects. Therefore, the PCAMs give us a clear view of the anterior and posterior myocardial excitation for the respective electrophysiological phases.