Comparative study of in vitro apatite-forming abilities of highly ordered rutile nanorod arrays fabricated on cpTi and Ti6Al4V alloys

The surfaces of commercially available pure titanium (cpTi) and Ti6Al4V alloy specimens were modified to form highly ordered rutile nanorod arrays by chemical treatment and subsequent aging treatment. The densities of the rutile rods were (1.04 ± 0.06) ×10³ and (0.70 ± 0.10) ×10³ μm^–2 for the cpTi and Ti6Al4V alloy specimens, respectively. Both the rutile nanorod arrays on the cpTi and Ti6Al4V alloy specimens deposited apatite particles when soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for one day. After soaking for various other periods, scanning electron microscopy images and thin-film X-ray diffraction patterns of these specimens showed that the cpTi specimens exhibited a superior rate of apatite nucleation and favored the formation of numerous apatite particles with larger diameter. This superior apatite-forming ability of the cpTi specimens can be attributed to the dense, thick titania layers with higher rutile nanorod density on their surfaces.