TY - JOUR
T1 - Method to convert stem cells into cancer stem cells
AU - Afify, Said M.
AU - Chen, Ling
AU - Yan, Ting
AU - Calle, Anna Sanchez
AU - Nair, Neha
AU - Murakami, Chikae
AU - Zahra, Maram H.
AU - Okada, Nobuhiro
AU - Iwasaki, Yoshiaki
AU - Seno, Akimasa
AU - Seno, Masahura
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The first author is thankful to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) for scholarship supporting his research study at Okayama University, Japan. The authors thank and are greatly appreciative of Amira Osman, Ghmkin Hassan and Sadia Monzur for their assistance and help during writing the protocol.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis suggests that tumors are sustained exclusively by a small population of the cells with stem cell properties. CSCs have been identified in most tumors and are responsible for the initiation, recurrence, and resistance of different cancers. In vitro CSC models will be of great help in revisiting the mechanism of cancer development, as well as the tumor microenvironment and the heterogeneity of cancer and metastasis. Our group recently described the generation of CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which were reprogrammed from normal cells, and/or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This procedure will improve the understanding of the essential niche involved in cancer initiation. The composition of this cancer-inducing niche, if identified, will let us know how normal cells convert to malignant in the body and how, in turn, cancer prevention could be achieved. Further, once developed, CSCs demonstrate the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and other phenotypes establishing the CSC niche. These will be good materials for developing novel cancer treatments. In this protocol, we describe how to handle mouse iPSCs/ESCs and how to choose the critical time for starting the conversion into CSCs. This CSC generation protocol is essential for understanding the role of CSC in cancer initiation and progress.
AB - The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis suggests that tumors are sustained exclusively by a small population of the cells with stem cell properties. CSCs have been identified in most tumors and are responsible for the initiation, recurrence, and resistance of different cancers. In vitro CSC models will be of great help in revisiting the mechanism of cancer development, as well as the tumor microenvironment and the heterogeneity of cancer and metastasis. Our group recently described the generation of CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which were reprogrammed from normal cells, and/or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This procedure will improve the understanding of the essential niche involved in cancer initiation. The composition of this cancer-inducing niche, if identified, will let us know how normal cells convert to malignant in the body and how, in turn, cancer prevention could be achieved. Further, once developed, CSCs demonstrate the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and other phenotypes establishing the CSC niche. These will be good materials for developing novel cancer treatments. In this protocol, we describe how to handle mouse iPSCs/ESCs and how to choose the critical time for starting the conversion into CSCs. This CSC generation protocol is essential for understanding the role of CSC in cancer initiation and progress.
KW - Cancer stem cells
KW - Conditioned medium (CM)
KW - Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
KW - Induced pluripotent stem cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082676116&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85082676116&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/mps2030071
DO - 10.3390/mps2030071
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082676116
SN - 2409-9279
VL - 2
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Methods and Protocols
JF - Methods and Protocols
IS - 3
M1 - 71
ER -
