The temporospatial pattern of energy metabolism coordinates the interactions between the bones and other organ systems

Background: Bones adapt to loads by changing their structure. This biomechanical interaction and the formation/maintenance of bones are orchestrated by three major cell types residing in the bones: osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to their biomechanical interactions, bones and other organ systems may also communicate biochemically. Highlight: This brief review will discuss the interaction between the bones and the nervous system, vasculature, muscle, and fat tissues, with an emphasis on the role of the energy metabolism in these interactions. Conclusion: Studies on the connections between bones and other organ systems indicate the possible existence of a temporospatial pattern of energy metabolism through the cellular biorhythm and migration.